Global Mean Sea Level Rise Inferred From Ocean Salinity and Temperature Changes

Abstract Barystatic sea level rise (SLR) caused by the addition of freshwater to ocean from melting ice can in principle be recorded a reduction seawater salinity, but detection this signal has been hindered sparse data coverage and small trends compared natural variability. Here, we develop an autoregressive machine learning method estimate salinity changes global 2001 2019 that reduces uncertainties freshening factor four previous estimates. We find mass rose 13,000 ± 3,000 Gt 2019, implying barystatic SLR 2.0 0.5 mm/yr. Combined with 1.3 0.1 mm/yr due thermal expansion, these results suggest mean 3.4 0.6 2019. These provide important validation remote‐sensing measurements changes, SLR, budgets.